The Karni Mata Temple, located in the town of Deshnoke near Bikaner, Rajasthan, is one of India’s most intriguing and unique spiritual destinations. Popularly known as the “Temple of Rats,” it is a blend of religious significance, architectural brilliance, and captivating folklore. The temple draws devotees, tourists, and researchers from around the world, intrigued by its peculiar traditions and fascinating legends.
Historical and Mythological Background
Karni Mata, believed to be an incarnation of Goddess Durga, was a mystic woman and revered deity of the Charan community. Born in 1387 in the Suwap village of Rajasthan, she was known for her spiritual powers, selfless service, and miraculous deeds. Her life is shrouded in myths that continue to inspire devotion. It is said that Karni Mata blessed the rulers of Bikaner and Jodhpur, aiding in the establishment of their kingdoms.
The legend that sets the temple apart revolves around the rats, or kabas, that inhabit the shrine. According to folklore, Karni Mata’s stepson, Laxman, drowned in a pond and died. Devastated, she pleaded with Yama, the god of death, to restore his life. When Yama refused, Karni Mata vowed that none of her family members would ever enter his domain. Instead, they would be reincarnated as rats, thus explaining the temple’s extraordinary population of rodents.
The Unique Inhabitants: Rats as Sacred Beings
The Karni Mata Temple is home to over 25,000 black rats, revered as sacred beings and believed to be descendants of Karni Mata’s family and followers. These rats, called kabas, are treated with utmost care and respect. Devotees consider it auspicious if a rat runs over their feet or consumes food offered by them.
Interestingly, there are also a few white rats among the kabas, which are considered especially sacred. Spotting a white rat is thought to bring good fortune, and devotees often make special offerings in gratitude.
The temple ensures the safety and well-being of the rats. Large bowls of milk, grains, and sweets are placed for their consumption, and devotees share the food with the rats as prasad. Despite the large rodent population, the temple has never reported any diseases, adding a mystical element to its reputation.
Winter tours in Rajasthan
Architectural Splendor
Built in the Mughal architectural style, the Karni Mata Temple is a visual masterpiece. The temple was constructed in its current form by Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner in the early 20th century. It is primarily made of marble and features intricately carved panels and silver doors.
The grand entrance gate, made of solid silver, welcomes visitors into the sacred space. The inner sanctum houses the idol of Karni Mata, adorned with elaborate jewelry and a crown. Surrounding the idol are carvings and decorations that depict scenes from her life and the legends associated with her.
The temple’s design reflects a harmonious blend of devotion and artistry. The floors are dotted with small holes and passageways, providing the kabas unrestricted movement. The temple’s maintenance and cleanliness are a testament to the devotion of its caretakers and visitors.
Rituals and Festivities
The temple follows a daily routine of prayers and rituals. Devotees begin their visit by washing their hands and feet at the entrance before stepping inside. The priests offer prayers, light lamps, and distribute prasad, which is often shared with the rats as a mark of devotion.
The temple witnesses grand celebrations during Navratri, a festival dedicated to the worship of the goddess. Thousands of devotees gather to seek blessings, offer prayers, and partake in the festive atmosphere. Music, dance, and cultural performances add vibrancy to the celebrations, making it a memorable experience for visitors.
Spiritual Significance and Beliefs
For many devotees, the Karni Mata Temple is not merely a place of worship but also a symbol of faith and miracles. The kabas are believed to carry the blessings of Karni Mata, and their presence ensures the prosperity and protection of her devotees. People come to the temple with prayers for health, wealth, and happiness, trusting in the deity’s power to grant their wishes.
The temple also serves as a center of pilgrimage for the Charan community and others who revere Karni Mata as their family goddess. Her legacy continues to inspire devotion and unity among her followers.
Tourist Attraction and Global Curiosity
The Karni Mata Temple’s fame extends far beyond Rajasthan. It has become a popular tourist destination, drawing visitors eager to witness its unique traditions and marvel at its architectural beauty. Photographers, historians, and researchers are particularly fascinated by the harmonious coexistence of humans and rats within the sacred premises.
The temple has also been featured in documentaries and travel shows, highlighting its cultural and spiritual significance. Despite its global recognition, the temple remains rooted in its local traditions, offering an authentic experience to all who visit.
Practical Information for Visitors
The temple is located approximately 30 kilometers from Bikaner and is easily accessible by road. Visitors are advised to respect the customs and practices of the temple, such as removing their shoes before entering and refraining from harming the kabas. Photography is allowed but should be done respectfully.
The best time to visit is during the winter months (October to March), when the weather is pleasant. If possible, plan a visit during Navratri to experience the temple in its full glory.