Lake Pichola was created in 1362 AD by a Banjara (gypsy) tribesman, Pichhu, after whom the lake was named. It was initially built to meet the water needs of the region. Later, Maharana Udai Singh II, the founder of Udaipur, expanded the lake when he established Udaipur as the capital of the Mewar kingdom in 1559. He also constructed a dam made of masonry at its northern end to ensure a steady water supply.
The lake has been a centerpiece of Udaipur’s development, representing the city’s adaptive water management system in an otherwise arid region. Over the centuries, several palaces, temples, and ghats (steps leading down to the water) were built around its shores, adding to its grandeur.
Geographical Features
Lake Pichola spans approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) in length and 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) in width, with a maximum depth of about 30 feet (9 meters). It is surrounded by lush green hills, whitewashed palaces, and ancient temples. Two prominent islands lie within the lake—Jag Niwas and Jag Mandir—which house stunning architectural marvels that have made Lake Pichola world-famous.
The lake is fed by a tributary of the Kotra River and is connected to other nearby lakes like Fateh Sagar Lake, Udai Sagar Lake, and Swaroop Sagar Lake, forming a sophisticated lake system designed to manage water flow in Udaipur.
Cultural Significance
Lake Pichola is not just a natural attraction but also holds immense cultural and spiritual value. The ghats around the lake are venues for religious ceremonies and daily rituals. Bathing in the lake is considered sacred by many locals, as the waters are believed to be purifying.
The lake also features prominently in Udaipur’s festivals. During events like Gangaur and Holi, Lake Pichola comes alive with vibrant celebrations. It has inspired countless artists, writers, and filmmakers, symbolizing romance, tranquility, and regal charm.
Architectural Highlights Around Lake Pichola
- City Palace Situated on the eastern shore of Lake Pichola, the City Palace is Udaipur’s crown jewel. This sprawling complex offers panoramic views of the lake and houses intricate courtyards, balconies, and galleries adorned with exquisite Rajasthani art. Its balconies and terraces open to stunning vistas of the shimmering waters of Lake Pichola.
- Jag Mandir Also known as the “Lake Garden Palace,” Jag Mandir is a stunning island palace built in the early 17th century. It served as a refuge for Prince Khurram (later Emperor Shah Jahan) during his rebellion against his father, Emperor Jahangir. The palace’s marble pavilions, gardens, and sculptures make it a serene retreat in the middle of the lake.
- Jag Niwas (Lake Palace) Located on another island in Lake Pichola, Jag Niwas is now the renowned Taj Lake Palace hotel. Constructed in 1743-1746 under Maharana Jagat Singh II, this white marble palace seems to float on the water. It has become one of the most luxurious heritage hotels in the world, epitomizing royal splendor.
- Gangaur Ghat A popular ghat on the banks of Lake Pichola, Gangaur Ghat is a hub for cultural activities and ceremonies. It provides a picturesque setting for photography and serves as a great spot for boat rides.
- Mohanshal Ghat Another beautiful ghat near Lake Pichola, Mohanshal Ghat is less crowded and offers tranquil views of the lake and surrounding hills.
Activities Around Lake Pichola
- Boat Rides A boat ride on Lake Pichola is a must-do activity in Udaipur. The rides offer close-up views of the City Palace, Jag Mandir, and Lake Palace, as well as stunning reflections of these landmarks on the water. Sunset boat rides are especially popular, offering mesmerizing views of the changing hues of the lake and sky.
- Photography The picturesque setting of Lake Pichola makes it a paradise for photographers. Whether it’s the sunrise casting a golden glow on the water or the city lights shimmering at night, every moment is a photo opportunity.
- Walking Along the Ghats Strolling along the ghats provides a peaceful way to experience the lake’s beauty. It also allows visitors to witness local life, as people gather here for prayer, bathing, or simply relaxing.
- Dining by the Lake Several restaurants and cafes line the banks of Lake Pichola, offering delicious Rajasthani cuisine alongside stunning views. Dining under the stars with the shimmering lake as a backdrop is an unforgettable experience.
Ecological Importance
Lake Pichola in Popular Culture
The lake’s stunning backdrop has attracted filmmakers and artists worldwide. It was famously featured in the James Bond movie Octopussy (1983), showcasing the opulence of the Lake Palace. Its serene waters have also inspired numerous paintings and literary works, cementing its place as an emblem of romance and grandeur.