Dhantesh, also known as Dhanteras, is a significant festival celebrated primarily in India, marking the beginning of the five-day Diwali festivities. The name ‘Dhanteras’ is derived from two Sanskrit words: ‘Dhan’ meaning wealth and ‘Teras’ referring to the thirteenth day of the lunar month of Kartik. The festival usually falls in October or November, according to the Gregorian calendar, and is observed on the thirteenth day of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the month of Kartik.
Dhanteras holds immense historical and mythological significance in Hindu culture. It is believed that on this day, Lord Dhanvantari, the God of Ayurveda, emerged from the ocean during the churning of the ocean (Samudra Manthan) carrying a pot of nectar (amrit) that grants immortality. Dhanvantari is often depicted holding this pot, along with Ayurvedic texts and healing herbs. This day is dedicated not only to wealth and prosperity but also to health and well-being, emphasizing the importance of both in one’s life.
The festival also marks the beginning of the new year in some communities, making it a time for renewal and reflection. The celebration of wealth and prosperity associated with Dhanteras is reflected in the customs and rituals observed during this time.
- Buying Utensils and Gold: One of the most popular customs during Dhanteras is the purchase of precious metals, particularly gold and silver. It is considered auspicious to buy new utensils or items made of metal on this day. Many families believe that buying gold or silver on Dhanteras will bring prosperity and good fortune throughout the year. Jewelers often see a surge in sales during this festival as people flock to purchase jewelry and coins.
- Dhanteras Pooja: On the evening of Dhanteras, families perform a special pooja (prayer ritual) to honor Lord Dhanvantari and seek blessings for health and wealth. The pooja typically involves the lighting of diyas (oil lamps), offering flowers, fruits, and sweets, and chanting specific mantras. Some families also set up an altar dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, during this time.
- Cleaning and Decorating Homes: In preparation for Dhanteras, families clean and decorate their homes to welcome prosperity and good fortune. This practice symbolizes the removal of negativity and the invitation of positive energy into their lives. Rangoli (intricate designs made from colored powders or flower petals) is often created at the entrance of homes to attract blessings.
- Lighting Diyas: Lighting diyas is a prominent ritual on Dhanteras. Diyas symbolize the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil. Families light diyas in their homes and around their properties to invite prosperity and ward off negativity. The diyas are typically lit in the evening, and many people leave them burning throughout the night.
- Panchamrit and Naivedya: A special offering known as ‘panchamrit’ is prepared, which consists of five ingredients: milk, yogurt, ghee, honey, and sugar. This mixture is used to bathe the idol of Lord Dhanvantari during the pooja. Additionally, various sweets and fruits are offered as naivedya (food offerings) to the deities.
- Prayers for Health and Wealth: During the Dhanteras pooja, devotees pray for good health, wealth, and prosperity. The rituals performed are aimed at seeking the blessings of Lord Dhanvantari and Goddess Lakshmi, with an emphasis on well-being and abundance.
While Dhanteras is widely celebrated across India, the customs and rituals may vary by region. In some states, it is celebrated as Dhanatrayodashi, while in others, it marks the beginning of the Diwali celebrations. In southern India, Dhanteras is also linked to the worship of Lord Vishnu and his consort, Goddess Lakshmi.
In Maharashtra, families often observe a unique tradition of worshiping the utensils they use in their daily lives, symbolizing gratitude for the wealth they bring. In certain communities, this day is also associated with the worship of Lord Kubera, the god of wealth.
Significance of Dhanteras in Modern Times
In contemporary society, Dhanteras has taken on additional meanings and significance. The festival is not only a time for spiritual renewal but also a celebration of consumerism and economic growth. Businesses and shops often capitalize on the festive spirit, offering discounts and special promotions to attract customers. The surge in jewelry sales, particularly gold, during this time reflects the traditional belief in investing in assets that hold value.
Moreover, the emphasis on health during Dhanteras aligns with modern wellness trends. Many people are now more conscious of their health and well-being, leading to an increased interest in Ayurvedic products and practices, which are deeply rooted in the traditions associated with Lord Dhanvantari.